Đặt \(v_n=u_n^2\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=2851\\v_{n+1}=v_n+n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=2851\\v_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)=v_n-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(v_n-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=2851\\x_{n+1}=x_n=...=x_1=2851\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{2}n+2851\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{2}n+2851}\Rightarrow u_{2020}=1429\)

1:

a: \(u_2=2\cdot1+3=5;u_3=2\cdot5+3=13;u_4=2\cdot13+3=29;\)

\(u_5=2\cdot29+3=61\)

b: \(u_2=u_1+2^2\)

\(u_3=u_2+2^3\)

\(u_4=u_3+2^4\)

\(u_5=u_4+2^5\)

Do đó: \(u_n=u_{n-1}+2^n\)

Dễ dàng nhận thấy \(u_n\) là dãy dương

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(u_n< 2\) ; \(\forall n\)

Với \(n=1\Rightarrow u_1=\sqrt{2}< 2\) (thỏa mãn)

Giả sử điều đó đúng với \(n=k\) hay \(u_k< 2\)

Ta cần chứng minh \(u_{k+1}< 2\)

Thật vậy, \(u_{k+1}=\sqrt{u_k+2}< \sqrt{2+2}=2\) (đpcm)

Do đó dãy bị chặn trên bởi 2

Lại có: \(u_{n+1}-u_u=\sqrt{u_n+2}-u_n=\dfrac{u_n+2-u_n^2}{\sqrt{u_n+2}+u_n}=\dfrac{\left(u_n+1\right)\left(2-u_n\right)}{\sqrt{u_n+2}+u_n}>0\) (do \(u_n< 2\))

\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}>u_n\Rightarrow\) dãy tăng

Dãy tăng và bị chặn trên nên có giới hạn hữu hạn. Gọi giới hạn đó là k>0

Lấy giới hạn 2 vế giả thiết:

\(\lim\left(u_{n+1}\right)=\lim\left(\sqrt{u_n+2}\right)\Leftrightarrow k=\sqrt{k+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow k^2-k-2=0\Rightarrow k=2\)

Vậy \(\lim\left(u_n\right)=2\)

\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(u_n+2\right)+n^2+1}{n+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}=nu_n+n^2+2n+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)u_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n+1\right)^3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(n+1\right)=n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\)

Đặt \(v_n=u.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}=0\\v_{n+1}=v_n=...=v_1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n.u_n-\dfrac{1}{3}n^3-\dfrac{1}{2}n^2-\dfrac{1}{6}n=0\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}n^2+\dfrac{1}{2}n+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)

\(u_1=1\)

\(u_2=1\)

\(u_3=u_2+u_1=1+1=2\)

\(u_4=u_3+u_2=2+1=3\)

\(u_5=u_4+u_3=3+2=5\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{u_n}{n+1}=v_n\)

\(GT\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=\dfrac{u_1}{1+1}=1\\v_{n+1}=\dfrac{1}{4}v_n,\forall n\in N\text{*}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_n=\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\left(n+1\right).\dfrac{1}{4}^{n-1},\forall n\in N\text{*}\)